Current Ethical Issues in Business Essay - 1266 Words

Current Ethical Issue in Business Big Ben or Big Brother is an article that discusses a major aspect of todays ethical issues in the business world. This ethical issue has to do with invasion of privacy. Each year, the national members and affiliated organizations of Privacy International present the Big Brother awards to the government and private sector organizations which have done the most to threaten personal privacy in their countries. Big Brother awards are presented to the government agencies, companies and initiatives which have done most to invade personal privacy (Privacy International, n. d.). There are numerous amounts of countries that participate in the ceremonies for these awards, England being one of them. In this†¦show more content†¦Hours later he was battered to death. The cameras had not prevented his murder--but they did accelerate the killers arrest (p.29). According to this author, Britain has no laws on privacy also the British have a sometimes unhealthy belief in the states wisdom (p.29). Due to the reduction in crime, the city of Newham and the state of Britain have overwhelming support for extending the cameras gaze and the country thinks that Big Brother is their best friend, for now (p.29). This article is best described by the Utilitarianism theory, which is a goal-based ethical theory that is concerned more with the outcome rather than the intent. The politicians have-based their ideas on the ultimate good, is the good of the overall society which may indeed require some individual sacrifice (Adams, 2005 p.2) this sacrifice being privacy. If invading privacy will reduce crime, then the reduction in crime is worth all the criticism. For the politicians, cost effe ctive solutions have become more important than any hand-writing over privacy (Underhill, 2000, p.29). The theory also undermines this article in reference to the tyranny of the majority, in which the majority enjoys life while the minority suffers (Adams, 2005 p.2), because everyones privacy is being invaded; the criminals as well as the law-abiding citizens. Everyone is treated the same. Is it right for the government to watch a persons every move? People might as well be in prison withShow MoreRelatedCurrent Ethical Issue in Business1476 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Your Name Here PHL/323 Date Here Instructor’s Name Here Globally, Wal-Mart is the second largest revenue generating company. It is surprising to see so many discriminating issues within the company. Women working for the company are consistently treated unfairly, yet other issues exist. It is as if Wal-Mart has fallen into the negative economic routine. The company is guilty of everyday social discrimination;Read MoreCurrent Ethical Issues in Business Essay2863 Words   |  12 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Introduction Ethics and moral obligation are something that we all encounter at one time or another. Even in a professional setting, all persons should act in a manner that would uphold the good of society. Why is it that good, ethical and moral behavior is not always adhered to? Is it because some people do not understand ethics and what it means to be ethical? To be ethical, one has to decide between right and wrong, determine what is for the betterment ofRead MoreStarbucks Standards of Ethics and Compliance1647 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to their financial environment. Upholding ethical standards within a business is important if a business wants to become successful and maintains their credibility, Starbucks does not just operate on one ethical standard but eight different ones. They are all different sources that are used for different reason within the company. Starbucks has two specific organization standards they go by that deal with their financial portion of the business. Transpor tation, manufacturing, and supplies areRead MoreEthical Issue And The Ethical Dilemma882 Words   |  4 Pages In this week’s assignment, we have been asked to identify an ethical issue presented in the Devise Products Unlimited (DPU) case study. First we will discuss the issue and the ethical dilemma it creates. Next we will look at possible recommendations for the DPU CEO to handle this issue. The Ethical Issue First, let’s start by looking at what the ethical issue that DPU is facing. The issue that I have chosen to focus on is issue two from the case study: DPU outsources some of the manufacturingRead MoreEssay on Case17 Businesss Hire818 Words   |  4 PagesCase 17: Should Business Hire Illegal Immigrants? pp. 833-836 (textbook) 1. What are the ethical issues in this case? Just by entering the country illegal aliens are committing an unethical act; Breaking the laws of our Country. Two the employers who are hiring them are unethical and amoral. Knowingly violating the laws and operating at their best interests instead of the social norms. Come-on how hard is it to ask for a proof of citizenship? Around the world, governments have historicallyRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Brand1367 Words   |  6 Pagestopic for many years. Every business must encounter situations where they are required to find solutions to fix a problem. There must be standards set by a business and these standards are expected to be a symbol of representation from leadership straight to its employees. In marketing, problems will arise. It is up to the individuals or parties involved to decide how they will act or react when the problem faces them or the business. An individual with strong ethical background will sense when somethingRead MoreEthical Issues in Relations Between Business and Customers.1562 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Ethical issues in relations between business and customers. Suleimenova Nazira. Management 11.852 Ethical issues in relations between business and customers. Nowadays, people the most part of their life spend at the work. At work, person has a contact with other employees, meets the requirements of management or personally gave orders to his subordinates. But also, the organization (enterprise, firm) in which employees work, constantly interacts with other organizations, the stateRead MoreOrganizational Ethics934 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify typical ethical problems of managers. †¢ Recognize differences in ethical behavior and responsibility between an employee and a manager. Course Assignments 4. Readings †¢ Read Ch. 6 7 of Managing Business Ethics. †¢ Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. 5. Learning Team Instructions †¢ Begin preparing for the Ethics in the Workplace Case Study Action Plan Presentation due in Week Five by reading one of the following case studies from Managing Business Ethics as assignedRead MoreImplementing an Applied Ethics Course at The University of Tampa1506 Words   |  6 Pagesall disciplines, which raises such questions as, is there a need for an ethics course? Do students know enough about ethics for ethical thinking and action? Ethics encompasses a set of principles, philosophy, or theory relating to principles. Knowing how to best resolve difficult ethical dilemmas is never easy especially when any choice violates the societal and ethical standards we have been taught to govern our lives. Ethics is important and goes beyond common sense. However, if ethics wereRead MoreMarketing Analysis Of Jayne s Sandwich Shop1096 Words   |  5 PagesShop has been a very successful mobile sandwich trailer for the past five years. The business produces quality and tasty sandwiches with a devoted clientele made up of employees and shoppers. Jayne success has forced her to add several bicycle-towed concessions to the work force, and strategically placed in locations around the city to meet the demands of her customers. Targeting the urban worker, Jayne’s business core hours are 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM, Monday through Friday and uses Facebook to promote

Preventing Substance Abuse - 940 Words

Preventing substance abuse involves developing numerous strategic partnerships. Substance abuse is a multidisciplinary issue, and requires a correspondingly multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach. The strategy for drug abuse prevention must begin with segmenting the market, or analyzing the needs of the community. Is the greatest proportion of abusers in the community youth? If so, what kinds of drugs are most commonly used in the community? Are seniors in the community abusing prescription medications? The strategy will be more effective when there is a better idea of the demographics of the target population. Beginning with the assumption that substance abuse will be a problem in community schools, it is important to engage educators, school administrators, school board representatives, and parents. Community organizations, including recreational facilities, and also local businesses, will also be involved in promoting strategies that prevent substance use and abuse. Regarding school board and school administration, curriculum needs to reflect the goal of substance abuse prevention. Teaching prevention in schools must be done with a concerted effort that involves parents. Moreover, changing the minds of students about drugs would require the involvement of young role models that can steer at risk youth away from drugs. At-risk youth need to be better identified early, so that their substance use issues never fester into substance abuse problems. In addition toShow MoreRelatedPreventing Teen Substance Abuse Within Rural Areas1205 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing Teen Substance Abuse in Rur al Areas Teenagers living in rural communities are more susceptible to drug and alcohol abuse than their urban counterparts. Although it may seem that living in a less populated area would present teens with less opportunity for trouble, the lack of stimulation creates an atmosphere conducive to substance abuse. PsychologyToday.com has listed boredom among the top reasons that teens get themselves into trouble (Lohmann, 2010). Public programs and activities provideRead MoreRelapse in Substance Abuse Treatment Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesRelapse Prevention in Substance Abuse Treatment In relation to drug abuse, relapse is resuming the use of a chemical substance or drug after a period of abstinence. The term can be said to be a landmark feature of a combination of substance abuse and substance independence. The propensity for dependency, repeated use, and tendencies that take the form of the substance being used, are some of the issues that drug users’ experience. Substances that enhance most severe tendencies in users and pose highRead MoreCritique of School Based Programs654 Words   |  3 Pagesis a school based intervention; the goal of the program is to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use along with violence. 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This research should be the number one tool when looking into different types of programs, although it does not include every single program. A common problem in the prevention field consists of registries missing important strategies, including environmental approachesRead MoreUnderstanding Drug Use And Addiction. The National Institute1116 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Drug Use and Addiction The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) describes addiction as a, â€Å"chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences† (â€Å"Understanding Drug Use and Addiction,† 2016). Long-term use can effect and change a person’s ability to learn, judge, and make decisions. Stress, memory issues, and behavior problems are also common side effects of extended drug use. There is not one single factor

Issues in the Educational Sector-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Identify all the Issues that are related to Business Ethics in the Educational Sector. Answer: Introduction According to Mitchell and Digiacomo (2014: 121), Education is considered to be a novel pursuit and imparting education is considered to be even more than that. This study deals with the ethical issues that are faced by the education sector on a regular basis. The study aims to find out the obstacles that are faced by education. At the same time, the study tries to consider the factors that help in the proper and effective management of the issues faced by the education sector so that it can focus on sustainability. The various objectives of the project are as follows: To study the details of the major challenges faced by the education sector which are related to business ethics To learn about the factors which drive the education sector to go for an ethical management To get an idea about the results of effectively managing the business ethics in the education sector Analysis of Sector Challenges Faced As per Brooks, Te Riele and Maguire (2014: 21-43), there are a number of ethical issues in education that must be kept in mind for the assessment of the real values which are being added to the society by the means of education. The primary issue is with the educational resources with respect to the imparting of special education. Here special education refers to the passing of education to the differently abled children. The next issue is about the dress code or the uniforms which arises several controversies on deciding whether they should be a mandate or not. This situation is quite debatable since different experts have different opinions. Then arise the disciplinary issues which are an extremely critical one from the point of view of education (Lewin, 2014: 111-132). The major challenge faced here is whether to go for a zero - tolerant policy or a tolerant policy which gives another chance better known as the second chance policy. According to Nikola (2013: 321), the sustainability factor holds a prime importance in the education sector. The primary issue faced while concentrating on sustainability is the lack of awareness. The system that administrates the education sector are unware of the of the critical connections between education and sustainable development. The proper structuring of the education system keeping in mind the sustainability factor is of utmost importance. The lack of the effective structuring is a major challenge faced by the education sector. It becomes extremely difficult for the education system to link with the issues that already exists and is thus not able to match the changing needs to the society with respect to time (Lichtman, 2013: 54-98). Sustainable development is of a complex nature and the proper understanding of this complex nature by the overall education sector is quite a challenging task. Even more challenging is the task of completely changing the overall direction or f ocus of the entire education sector towards sustainability (Davim and Leal Filho, 2016: 32-51). As per Slater and Ravid (2013: 231-240), the stakeholders in the education sector are the ones who invest in the success and welfare of school, colleges, students, teachers and all the other components that are a part of the education sector. Now the challenge is to get hold of the stakeholders for this social cause. Like every other sector, the education industry also divides its stakeholders into two different parts: internal and external stakeholders. It is noted that the internal stakeholders consist of firm owners, managers and employees. While, on the other hand, the external group of stakeholder incorporate the society, creditors, the government, and business suppliers. Furthermore, the stakeholders in the education sector also play a major part in governing operations by prioritizing objectives. An ethical approach and mindset of them will thereby benefit the people. Driving Factors to Manage Ethics Effectively As stated by Griffiths (2015: 187-201), the education sector needs to properly address the various challenges and issues on order to achieve an effective reform. There are a number of factors that propels the effective management of all the ethical problems that arise. The most important factor is the concept of education for all. Education for refers to the system of education that imparts education to any irrespective of their caste, creed, social status, religion, physical condition etc. The notion for education for all plays a crucial role in the management of the ethical issues faced by the education sector. Imparting education to all takes the literacy level of the country to a height which in turn is extremely vital for the social and economic development of the country (Davim, 2015: 198). When the development the country is in question, all are ready to do the necessary things that are required to overcome the challenges or issues that are faced by the education sector. Hence, proves to be a driving force in the effective management of all the ethical issues faced by the sector. As stated by Eaton, Hughes and Macgregor (2017: 143-198), the young generation are the future of the country. The youth of the country are basic elements that give rise to good and bright future. Now, the thing is that everyone focuses on the present keeping in mind the ultimate target of a good future and do all the things that are necessary. The similar is the situation in case of the education sector as well. Imparting effective education to the students would help in the creation of bright and prosperous future. Thus, the education system tries its best to overcome all the challenges faced by doing all the things that are required so that there is no compromise in imparting education. Thus, it can be very well understood that giving adequate education to the youth for a better future proves to be a propelling force in the proper and effective management of the ethical issues that arises in the education sector. Another major force that acts as the driving force towards managing the ethical issues in the education sector is increasing the awareness among the residents of the country. It is to be remembered that more the people becomes aware of the components of the education system, the easier would be the path of imparting education. According to Mitchell and Digiacomo (2014: 121), increased awareness among the people would make it easier and convenient to deal with all the ethical issues in the education sector. Proper Management of Issues Helps Education Sector According to West and Worthington (2017: 143-198), Ethics is business or in an industry is recognized as the key to growth and development. The same happens in the education sector as well. It is noted that there would be a number of hurdles in the path of success but overcoming the hurdles is what is to be tried. Based on the above section it can be inferred that several issues that play the role of obstacles in the education sector. But it is also very true that a proper and effective management of ethics and the presence of moral conduct are of immense help. First and foremost, imparting ethical education increases the literacy rate of a country which is extremely beneficial for the overall development. There are many who cannot afford to pay for their education and other needs. In this regard, the donation from the stakeholders proves to be extremely helpful to arrange for education to all. Thus, the formation of a group of proper stakeholders and an ethical conduct by them to benefit the people rather than focusing on profit maximisation in the education sector would be very crucial in imparting education to the population. Moreover, there should not be a mandatory dress code for all. It is to be remembered that education is primary and dress code is secondary (Nata, 2015: 110-121). Thus, the dress code should be a mandate for the ones who are able to afford it and not all, this in turn benefits the education sector significantly. Additionally, it is only with a ethical code of conduct, that the education system can serve both the rich and poor communities in a nation. Conclusion Based on the project it can be inferred that there are major challenges that the education sector has to face with regards to the business ethics. The study also revealed how the challenges arise and how does it affect the various components of the education sector. In the next part of the study, the focus is on the major factors which drives the management to go and deal with the issues and challenges that have come in the path of the education sector. It talks about taking the proper measures and steps so that all the issues can be effectively dealt with. Eventually, at the end of the study, it is revealed that how beneficial it is for the education sector when all the issues and challenges are properly addressed. It proves how a reform in the overall education sector can be achieved if all the obstacles can be removed from the path of education sector. References Brooks, R., Te Riele, K., and Maguire, M. (2014).Ethics and education research, Los Angeles. SAGE, p. 21-43. Davim, J. P. (2015).Sustainability in higher education, Amsterdam. Chandos Publishing, p. 198. Davim, J. P., and Leal Filho, W. (2016).Challenges in higher education for sustainability, New York. Springer International Publishing, p. 32-51. Eaton, M., Hughes, H., and Macgregor, J. (2017).Contemplative approaches to sustainability in higher education: theory and practice, New York. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, pp. 143- 198. Griffiths, M. (2015).Re-imagining relationships in education: ethics, politics and practices, England. Wiley Blackwell, p. 187-201. Lewin, D. (2014).New perspectives in philosophy of education: ethics, politics and religion, London, New York. Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 111-132. Lichtman, M. (2013).Qualitative research in education: a user's guide, Los Angeles. SAGE Publications, pp. 54-98. Mitchell, D., and Digiacomo, K. (2014).Morality and ethics in education, Chatham, NY. Waldorf Publications, p. 121. Nata, R. (2015).Progress in education, New York. Nova Science Publishers, pp. 110-121. Nikolaj. D., (2013).Everybody Present: Mindfulness in Education, Australia. Parallax Press, p. 321. Slater, J. J., and Ravid, R. (2013).Collaboration in Education, New York. Routledge, pp. 231-240. West, L. L., and Worthington, A. C. (2017).Handbook of research on emerging business models and managerial strategies in the nonprofit sector, Hershe. IGI Global, p. 311.

Mental Accounting And Its Impact On Consumer Behavior

Questions: 1. Mental accounting and it impact on consumer decision making? 2. How might a company take advantage of consumers mental accounting? Give examples. 3. As a marketer, how might you frame certain decisions to benefit from the disparities that arise in ones cognitive accounting? 4. As a consumer, how would you avoid the pitfalls posed by the inequalities of ones cognitive accounting? Answers: Introduction Richard Thaer gets the credit of coining this term-mental accounting. Mental accounting is a psychological system in which the people or specifically the customer is expected to prepare a mental note about the economic results of the decision they would make once they plan to purchase something. (Berk, 1995) 1. Mental accounting and it impact on consumer decision making Mental Accounting is a concept whereby the approach of the customers towards their buying is calculated and monitored. It is assumed in mental accounting that a customer also takes into account not just the cost but the actual rewards or benefits he or she receives after purchasing that particular product. (Thaler, 2001) As Thaler propagated, there are basically three wings or three important steps involved in the whole concept of mental accounting. These three important legs of mental accounting include: (1) the awareness of the results which the customer will make before making that purchase (2) the act of giving or setting targets for different set of accounts (3) the calculation of the exact time gap or the time lag which is created while calculating or undergoing the system of mental accounting. (Hales, 2002)The process of mental accounting can be demonstrated by taking the example of a person who travelling with his child and the child is feeling extremely thirsty and the perso n wishes to purchase juice for the kid. Now he has two options for him. Either he can purchase juice worth $20 which is available in the departmental store or he can spend $25 for exactly the same bottle of juice from an up market restaurant which is on their way for the simple reason that he has taken the advantage of mental accounting and calculated that the benefit he is getting is much more in the second case and that too with just the difference of $5. This is actually mental accounting which takes into account a number of factors apart from just the cost. (Edwards, 1968) 2. How can a company take advantage of consumers mental accounting? An analysis. Cognitive accounting uses the thought process of an individual which treats money differently in when coming from different sources. For instance a student earns $250 during his summer job and is not willing to spend it on the latest collection of video games while on the other hand his grandfather has sent him $250 as a reward for his interest in summer job which he or she is willing to part away with. The cost of the video game will remain the same, it is just that now he is taking into account the efforts put in procuring that $250. 3. As a marketer, how might one frame certain decisions to benefit from the disparities that arise in ones cognitive accounting? One of the most common marketing strategies which aims at targeting the mental accounting that goes on in themed of the people is freebies. Freebies especially which are aimed at small kids and teenage group. For instance the amount spent on advertisement of MNCs like Gems surprise include the freebie which is Colour changing panda. Now acquiring a colour changing panda will soon develop as an obsession among the children and they will purchase the product not for the sake of chocolate alone, but because of the freebie inside. (French, 1991) 4. As a consumer, how would you avoid the pitfalls posed by the inequalities of ones cognitive accounting? The best manner in which a consumer can avoid the pitfalls laid out by companies is by keeping one golden rule of shopping in mind. That golden rule is whether or not they actually need the product at that point of time or are they buying to stock. Secondly it is very crucial that all the money, whether earned, received as some gift or cracked through a jackpot should be treated the same. (Thaler, 2001)Although in the last two options the person might not have put in lots of efforts to earn it, but the only thing which we need to understand is that a penny saved is actually a penny earned. So even if source of money is different in all the case, their treatment should be equal. (Edwards, 1968) For instance, the Kaun Baega Crorepati, which has been one of the most popular prime time shows in India uses this approach of mental accounting for their advantage. When a contestant who has secured Rs 1 crore is about to take the decision whether or not to continue the game for a further R 10 crore, he or she should remember that however easy it may seem at this moment to earn that 9 crore, the amount which is in hand that is Rs 1 crore is still more safe and secure. And at times when people do not take into account the mental accounting procedure, they take the option of answering the question and reach to nothing but say Rs 30 lakh! (Hales, 2002) Conclusion In any business scenario, the marketing teams come up with newer ways, studies and approaches towards capturing the thought process of the customers so that they can maximize their profits. But the real game is when the customer is also aware that his thinking pattern is being targeted at. So what a customer needs to make sure is that, 1.) The money received from whichever source should be treated equally 2.) Before purchasing any product it should be seen whether or not it is urgent or can it be postponed, in case the buying can be postponed that means that it is not at all required to be purchased at that point of time taking into account the actual utility or benefit of that product for that moment 3.) In situations where people strike jackpots, they should not opt for instant buying. They should let that moment of happiness pass and should take an intelligent decision after a couple of days by that time he will be able to make a clear comparison of the price of what he intends to buy as compared to the actual utility of that thing. (Berk, 1995). References Berk, J. (1995) A critique of size related anomalies. Review of Financial Studies 8:275286. Bell, D. (1982) Regret in decision making under uncertainty. Operations Research 30:961981 Benartzi, S., and R. Thaler (2001) Na ve diversification strategies in defined contribution savings plans. American Economic Review 91:7998. Bloomfield, R. and Hales, J. (2002) Predicting the next step of a random walk: experimental evidence of regime-shifting beliefs. Journal of Financial Economics 65:397414. Camerer, C. (1995) Individual decision making, in: J. Kagel and A. Roth, eds. Handbook of Experimental Economics Daniel, K. and Titman, S. (1997) Evidence on the characteristics of cross-sectional variation in stock returns. Journal of Finance 52:133 Edwards, W. (1968) Conservatism in human information processing: B. Kleinmutz, ed. Formal Representation of Human Judgment pp. 1752 French, K. and J. Poterba (1991) Investor diversification and international equity markets. American Economic Review 81:222226

Romeo And Juliet Essays - William Shakespeare, Kings Men

Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, these amazing plays all originated from the single mind of William Shakespeare. The plays in which Shakespeare wrote, he wrote out of a very small educated mind a distinct love for the bible and of course, an imagination. The plays in which Shakespeare wrote were all written as an adult to, leaving his past to be misled into false claims. Shakespeare never wrote and autobiography and much is not known about his childhood sense it was never a real corner stone for people who enjoyed his plays and poems to think about, but as the saying goes, you can't understand your future till you understand your past. This strictly helps us interpret why each and every persons childhood, famous or not, is important. Do you know what kind of childhood Shakespeare had? Do you know where he started from? William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in the Province of Warwickshire England in 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary ( Arden ) Shakespeare. Stratford was a relatively prosperous market town ( Loxton 13 ) in middle England, which had a fairly large population. When William was three months old, the plague raged in Stratford ( Lee 10 ) and took the lives of many, and killed one out of every seven that was living in the town at that time. Lucky William and the Shakespeare family escaped the plague, and as from records, no one in the Shakespeare family had contracted the awful illness. The Shakespeare family was a close-knit one, and they had to be in those days. William Shakespeare's family consisted of John, the father, Mary the mother, 3 brothers, Gilbert, Edmund, Richard, 4 sisters, Joan, Ann, another Joan, and Margaret, along with Shakespeare's Grandfather and Grandmother( rarely heard of ). Although they could escape the plague they could not escape the overwhelming commonness of the death of infants in that time ( Lee 10 ). Mary the mother of William Shakespeare was the daughter of Robert Arden and Had, In all, Eight Children with John Shakespeare ( Gray 3 ). The first daughter of Mary and John was Joan, who died at birth in 1558. The second born to the couple was the daughter Margaret, which was born in 1562 and died a year later in 1563. The third child born to John and Mary, in 1564 finally was William Shakespeare and as we all know lived into adulthood ( Fido 11 ). April 1564 is the month in which Shakespeare was baptized but no exact birth date was ever given, but since he died close to his birthday which happened to fall on the 23rd of April, the same date as St. George's birthday, the people recognize this as his official birth date ( Loxton 10 ). The next member of the Shakespeare family was William's brother was Gilbert and he also lived into adulthood. He was born in 1566 and later died in 1612, a fairly short life but this was common back in his time ( Kay 17 ). The next born, the second Joan in the Shakespeare family also lived to be an adult, as she was born in 1566 and later died in 1612. The 6th born child, who was Anne, died at age 8, when William was only 15. The death of his sister probably caused great pain to William and the whole family as most deaths do, and was just another loss to add to the family at that time. She was born in 1571 and later died in 1579. Richard Shakespeare, named after his grandfather, was the 7th born and also lived into adulthood, but by no means was it a long adult life. I lived till 1613 and was born in 1574. The last child, Edmund, like Richard was also named after a relative in the family. He was named after his uncle Edmund on his mothers side. Edmund also like Richard didn't live a very long adult life, living only a mere 28 years. Richard lived from 1580 till 1608. This was the immediate family to William Shakespeare and undoubtedly influenced his life a great deal, as all families do ( Lee 18-19 ).The most important figure in Shakespeare's childhood life was, undoubtedly his father, John Shakespeare. In 1551, John Shakespeare left Snitterfield, which was his birthplace, to seek a career in the neighboring town of Stratford-Upon-Avon ( Lee 4 ). At one point John Shakespeare purchased 500 pounds of wool

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Enumeratio in Rhetoric Enumeratio  is a  rhetorical term for the listing of details- a type of amplification and division. Also called enumeration  or  dinumeratio. In A History of Renaissance Rhetoric 1380-1620 (2011), Peter Mack defines enumeratio as a form of argumentation, in which all the possibilities are set out and all but one are eliminated. In classical rhetoric, enumeratio was considered part of the arrangement (dispositio) of a speech and was often included in the peroration (or closing part of an argument). Etymology From the Latin, counting up Examples and Observations Enumeratio in Speeches[W]hen we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men, and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!Enumeratio and Division[E]numeratio . . . partitions a subject into its adjuncts or features. If numbering of the parts is added to the division, labeling a first, second, and third item in a series, the figure is eutrepismus (Joseph 1947, 11-114). Division as an argumentative strategy . . . can be stretched across paragraphs or pages, but to be stylistically visible or figured, any of these divisions must produce either a list of words or phrases in a single sentence constituent or contiguous predictions in a short stretch of text.Enumeratio in an Essay by Jonathan Swift[A]mong such as deal in multitudes of words, none are comparable to the sober deliberate talker, who proceedeth with much thought and caution, maketh his preface, brancheth out into several digressions, findeth a hint that putteth him in mind of another story, which he promiseth to tell you when this is done; cometh back regularly to his subject, cannot readily call to mind some persons name, holding his head, complaineth of his memory; the whole company all this while in suspense; at length says, it is no matter, and so goes on. And, to crown the business, it perhaps proveth at last a story the company hath heard fifty times before; or, at best, some insipid adventure of the relater. Negative EnumerationHe believed he was a newspaper reporter, yet read no paper except The Mockingburg Record, and so managed to ignore terrorism, climatological change, collapsing governments, chemical spills, plagues, recession and failing banks, floating debris, the disintegrating ozone layer. Volcanoes, earthquakes and hurricanes, religious frauds, defective vehicles and scientific charlatans, mass murderers and serial killers, tidal waves of cancer, AIDS, deforestation, and exploding aircraft were as remote to him as braid catches, canions and rosette-embroidered garters. Scientific journals spewed reports of mutant viruses, of machines pumping life through the near-dead, of the discovery that the galaxies were streaming apocalyptically toward an invisible Great Attractor like flies into a vacuum cleaner nozzle. That was the stuff of others lives. He was waiting for his to begin. Pronunciation e-nu-me-RA-ti-o Sources Martin Luther King, Jr.,  I Have a Dream,  August 1963Jeanne Fahnestock,  Rhetorical Figures in Science. Oxford University Press, 1999Jonathan Swift,  Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation,  1713E. Annie Proulx,  The Shipping News. Simon Schuster, 1993)

Implementation of electronic road pricing is needed in Hong-Kong. To Essay

Implementation of electronic road pricing is needed in Hong-Kong. To what extent do you agree with this view - Essay Example For example, the electronic road pricing (ERP) system adopted in Hong Kong to manage traffic through congestion charges. Hong Kong pioneered use of ERP in the 1980s with great success. With few advancements in technology in the 1980s, ERP was implemented through use of an in-pavement reader and a transponder that was placed under vehicles. Adoption of ERP in Hong Kong solved the problem of congestions and charge evasion that faced manual road pricing. However, soon after adoption of ERP followed its critics thereby derailing advancements and over the years the project remained dormant until later propositions on its use rose again later. This was attributed to the fears that traffic problems would rise again in the Central and Wan Chai areas of Hong Kong. Therefore, the roads and transport administration made the recommendations for ERP system to resume operations. However, with time a new administration that was opposed to use of ERP took over thereby derailing ERP system once again. ERP is mainly applied in areas where there are high congestion levels and there is a functional public means of transport in existence. Existence of a public means of transport is to offer an alternative to road users who abandon use of personal vehicles. Therefore, ERP may arguably be considered a method of encouraging use of public means of transport as opposed to individual transport means. Efficiency of ERP depends heavily on its application to only areas with high traffic levels and a functional public means of transport since its application in many areas would arguably strain the system. For example, in Hong Kong ERP would only be most efficient in the Central, Wan Chai, and Causeway Bay. Charging periods are highest during peak hours and lower during off peak hours. Peak hours are determined by the economic advantages relating to different times of the day therefore the most economically